Detraining period of the PILATES method on functional capacity of elderly women with type 2 diabetes: A randomized clinical trial.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to verify the effects of a 4-week detraining period on the functional capacity of elderly women with type-2 diabetes (T2D) after 12 weeks of a PILATES training program. METHODS: Twenty-two individuals with T2D were randomly allocated into two groups: CONTROL (n = 11; 67.5 ± 6.3 years; 154.7 ± 6.1 cm; 73.5 ± 6.1 kg; calorie intake: 1487.5 ± 360.6 kcal/day) and PILATES (n = 11; 65.5 ± 5.5 years; 155.0 ± 4.5 cm; 66.2 ± 5.4 kg; calorie intake: 1289.3 ± 385.0 kcal/day). The PILATES group participated at a 12-week PILATES program at moderate intensity, 3x/week with each session lasting 60-min. The functional capacity was evaluated in the baseline (PRE), after 12-weeks (POST) and 4-week detraining period (4W_DT). The general index of functional capacity (GIFC) was calculated for all participants. RESULTS: In the PILATES group there was a reduction in performance (increased test time) for the GIFC after 4W_DT in relation to POST (p < 0.05), however, GIFC showing maintenance of performance gain in relation to the PRE (p > 0.05) (PRE: 36.0 ± 5.5 s vs. POST: 27.2 ± 4.0 s vs. 4W_DT: 29.0 ± 4.2 s). The CONTROL group had worse performance than the GIFC POST (35.3 ± 4.6 s) and 4W_DT (35.4 ± 4.6 s) when compared to the PILATES group (F = 106.967; np2 = 0.842; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: A period of 4W_DT was not able to reduce the functional gains of elderly women with T2D after 12 weeks of PILATES training. These results have a practical application for training professionals, enabling better control and planning of training interruptions on the PILATES method for elderly women with T2D.

Efeito da facilitação neuromuscular proprioceptiva em meio terrestre e aquático na flexibilidade de adultos / Effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation in land and aquatic environments on adult flexibility

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o efeito da facilitação neuromuscular proprioceptiva (FNP), realizada em meio terrestre e aquático, na flexibilidade de posteriores da coxa e extensores do quadril em adultos saudáveis. Trata-se de um ensaio clínico aleatorizado. A amostra foi composta por 16 adultos (18 a 35 anos) de ambos os sexos, randomizados em dois grupos: experimental (GE, n=08), submetido ao alongamento por FNP no meio aquático; e controle (GC, n=08), que recebeu a FNP no meio terrestre. A intervenção foi realizada durante seis semanas, com duas sessões semanais. Pré e pós-intervenção a flexibilidade do quadril foi avaliada pela amplitude de movimento (ADM) utilizando um goniômetro posicionado sobre essa articulação. E para determinar a flexibilidade dos músculos posteriores da coxa foi utilizado o teste sentar e alcançar. Ambas as intervenções, propiciaram um aumento significativo na flexibilidade do GE e GC (p<0,05), entretanto não houve efeito significativo de ambiente (p>0,05).

The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF), performed in land and aquatic environments, on the flexibility of the posterior thigh and hip extensors in healthy adults. This is a randomized clinical trial. The sample was composed of 16 adults (18 to 35 years old) of both sexes, randomized into two groups: experimental (EG, n=08), submitted to PNF stretching in the aquatic environment; and control (CG, n=08), which received PNF on land. The intervention was performed during six weeks, with two weekly sessions. Before and after the intervention, hip flexibility was assessed by range of motion (ROM) using a goniometer positioned over this joint. And to determine the flexibility of the posterior thigh muscles, the sit and reach test was used. Both interventions provided a significant increase in flexibility in the EG and CG (p<0.05), however there was no significant effect on the environment (p>0.05).

Associação de indicadores antropométricos com variáveis hemodinâmicas, glicemia e aptidão física de adultos / Association of anthropometric indicators with hemodynamic variables, glycaemia and physical fitness of adults

O estudo associou indicadores antropométricos com variáveis hemodinâmicas, glicemia e aptidão física de adultos. Participaram do estudo 60 adultos de ambos os sexos (32,90 ± 10,26), sedentários e iniciantes de uma academia de ginástica. Foram analisadas variáveis de pressão arterial, frequência cardíaca, glicemia, circunferência da cintura (CC), circunferência do quadril, relação cintura-quadril, relação cintura-estatura (RCE), índice de massa corporal, flexibilidade, e flexões de braço e abdominais. As variáveis antropométricas se correlacionaram positivamente com as hemodinâmicas e negativamente com os testes de aptidão física (p<0,05), e a CC e a RCE foram os melhores preditores de riscos cardiovasculares entre as variáveis analisadas. Os indicadores antropométricos se correlacionam com as variáveis hemodinâmicas e de aptidão física, tendo a CC e a RCE como os melhores preditores de riscos cardiovasculares indicando um potencial desempenho no rastreamento precoce dos riscos de doenças cardíacas em adultos.

This study associated anthropometric indicators with hemodynamic variables, glycaemia and physical fitness of adults. The participants in the study were 60 adults of both sexes (32.90 ± 10.26), sedentary and beginners of a gym. We analyzed variables of blood pressure, heart rate, glycaemia, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference, waist-hip ratio, waist-height ratio (WSR), body mass index, flexibility, and arm and abdominal flexions. Anthropometric variables correlated positively with hemodynamic variables and negatively with physical fitness tests (p<0.05). The results showed WC and WSR as the best predictors of cardiovascular risk among the variables analyzed, indicating their potential performance in early screening for risk of heart disease in adults.

Cinco semanas de pré-temporada alteram o consumo máximo de oxigênio e a composição corporal de futebolistas? / Do five weeks of preseason change the maximum oxygen uptake and body composition of soccer players?

O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar as alterações do consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max) e da composição corporal de atletas profissionais de futebol após cinco semanas de pré-temporada. A amostra foi composta por atletas profissionais de futebol do sexo masculino participantes da série A1 primeira divisão do campeonato pernambucano do ano 2019 (n=22; idade: 24,0±3,6 anos). Foi avaliado, na pré-temporada e após cinco semanas de treinamento, o VO2max através do teste de 1600m, bem como variáveis antropométricas e um teste t pareado foi aplicado para verificar a diferença entre as médias pré vs. pós-treinamento. Houve melhora significativa nas varáveis analisadas com redução no índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência da cintura (CC), relação cintura-estatura (Rcest), percentual de gordura corporal e aumento no Vo2máx após cinco semanas de treinamento específico para jogadores de futebol profissional na fase de preparação física inicial (<0.05). Conclui-se que cinco semanas de preparação física em jogadores de futebol profissional foram suficientes para o aumento do VO2max e a redução de variáveis da composição corporal (IMC, CC, Rcest e percentual de gordura dos atletas).

The aim of the present study was to verify changes in maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) and body composition in professional soccer athletes after five weeks of pre-season. The sample consisted of male professional soccer players participating of the first division series (A1) of the Pernambucano championship in 2019 (n= 22; age: 24.0±3.6 years). In the pre-season and after five weeks of training was evaluated VO2max through the 1600m test, as well as anthropometric variables. Paired t test was applied to verify the difference between the pre vs. post training. There was a significant improvement in the variables analyzed, with a reduction in body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-height ratio (Rcest), body fat percentage and an increase in VO2max after five weeks of specific training for professional football players (<0.05). Five weeks of physical preparation in professional soccer players, it was enough to increase VO2max and reduce body composition variables (BMI, WC, Rcest and athletes' fat percentage).

Pilates Method Training: Functional and Blood Glucose Responses of Older Women With Type 2 Diabetes.

Melo, KCB, Araújo, FdS, Cordeiro Júnior, CCM, de Andrade, KTP, and Moreira, SR. Pilates method training: Functional and blood glucose responses of older women with type 2 diabetes. J Strength Cond Res 34(4): 1001-1007, 2020-The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of the Pilates method on the functional capacity (FC) and glycemic control of older women with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Twenty-two women with T2D were randomized into control (CONTROL: 67.5 ± 6.3 years; 154.7 ± 6.1 cm; 73.5 ± 6.1 kg) and Pilates (PILATES: 65.5 ± 5.5 years; 155.0 ± 4.5 cm; 66.2 ± 5.4 kg) groups, which held sessions of 60 minutes at a frequency of 3 times per week during 12 weeks. Blood glucose was measured before and after sessions in PILATES, as well as in moments of pre, rest, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of the PILATES and CONTROL interventions. The glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level before and after 12 weeks of the intervention was evaluated. The general index of the FC (GIFC) was obtained through a battery of tests for older patients with T2D. Analysis of variance detected differences in the GIFC for PILATES vs. CONTROL, respectively, in 4 weeks (30.3 ± 4.6 vs. 34.8 ± 4.9 seconds; p < 0.05), 8 weeks (29.2 ± 4.5 vs. 34.6 ± 4.9 seconds; p < 0.05), and 12 weeks (27.2 ± 4.0 vs. 35.3 ± 4.6 seconds; p < 0.05). PILATES presented a difference in postprandial glycemia pre- vs. 4 and 12 weeks (246.1 ± 58.5 vs. 219.9 ± 59.9 and 207.6 ± 49.1 mg·dl, respectively; p < 0.05), as well as in HbA1c pre- vs. 12 weeks (7.8 ± 1.0 vs. 6.7 ± 0.6%, respectively; p < 0.05). Differences in postprandial glycemia (p < 0.05) were found in PILATES before vs. after sessions, respectively, of 1st-12th (217.1 ± 49.1 vs. 157.9 ± 55.7 mg·dl), 13th-24th (204.5 ± 44.7 vs. 146.3 ± 44.5 mg·dl), and 25th-36th (214.3 ± 40.4 vs. 152.7 ± 52.0 mg·dl). A correlation between postprandial glycemia and GIFC after 12 weeks was detected (r = 0.37; p = 0.04). It is concluded that 12 weeks of the Pilates method induces improvement and relationship in the FC and glycemic control in older women with T2D.

Resposta aguda do exercício resistido dinâmico e isométrico em variáveis hemodinâmicas e autonômicas cardíacas em homens adultos / Respuesta aguda del ejercicio resistido dinámico y isométrico en variables hemodinámicas y autonómicas cardíacas en hombres adultos / Acute response to dynamic and isometric resistance exercise in hemodynamic and autonomic cardiac variables in male adults

Objetivo: Comparar respostas hemodinâmicas e autonômicas cardíacas após sessões agudas de exercício resistido dinâmico e isométrico. Método: Após familiarização às sessões experimentais e teste de uma repetição máxima, 12 homens (idade: 49.0±6.4 anos) sem o uso de medicamentos e experiência em exercício resistido foram randomizados de forma cruzada à duas sessões experimentais de exercício resistido dinâmico e isométrico compostos por um circuito de seis exercícios alternados por segmento corporal e à uma intensidade de 60% de uma repetição máxima. Aos momentos de repouso e recuperação foram mensuradas a pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica e registrado os intervalos R-R com posterior cálculo de índices da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca. Resultados: Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes nas respostas pressóricas entre as sessões experimentais. O duplo produto se recuperou para valores basais aos 25min da recuperação em ambas as sessões. A frequência cardíaca permaneceu mais elevada durante momentos da recuperação na sessão dinâmico, ao passo que a sessão isométrica recuperou menos batimentos cardíacos para essa mesma variável. Adicionalmente, o balanço simpato-vagal permaneceu elevado e indicadores parassimpáticos diminuídos, em relação ao repouso, após sessão isométrica. Conclusão: Não ocorreram diferenças nas respostas hemodinâmicas entre as sessões de exercício resistido. Por outro lado, demonstrou-se diferentes recuperações para a frequência cardíaca e variáveis autonômicas após as sessões experimentais

Objetivo: Comparar respuestas hemodinámicas y autonómicas cardíacas después de sesiones agudas de ejercicio resistido dinámico y isométrico. Método: Después de familiarización en las sesiones experimentales y prueba de una repetición máxima, 12 hombres (edad: 49.0±6.4 años) sin el uso de medicamentos y experiencia en ejercicio resistido fueron randomizados de forma cruzada a dos sesiones experimentales de ejercicio resistido dinámico y isométricos compuestos por un circuito de seis ejercicios alternados por segmento corporal con una intensidad del 60% de una repetición máxima. Durante los momentos de reposo y recuperación se midieron la presión arterial sistólica y diastólica y se registraron los intervalos R-R con posterior cálculo de índices de la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca. Resultados: No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las respuestas de presión arterial entre las sesiones experimentales. El doble producto se recuperó a valores basales a los 25min de la recuperación en ambas sesiones. La frecuencia cardiaca permaneció más elevada durante momentos de recuperación en la sesión dinámica, mientras que la sesión isométrica recuperó menos latidos cardíacos para esa misma variable. Todavía, el balance simpático-vagal permaneció elevado e indicadores parasimpáticos disminuidos, en relación al reposo, después de la sesión isométrica. Conclusión: No ocurrieron diferencias en las respuestas hemodinámicas entre las sesiones de ejercicio. Sin embargo, se demostró diferentes recuperaciones entre las variables autonómicas después de las sesiones experimentales

Objective: To compare hemodynamic and cardiac autonomic responses after acute sessions of dynamic and isometric resistance exercise. Methods: After familiarization with the experimental sessions and maximal repetition test, 12 men (age: 49.0±6.4 years) without medication and experience in resistance exercise were cross-randomized in two experimental sessions of dynamic and isometric resistance exercise composed by a circuit with six alternating exercises per body segment and at intensities of 60% of a one maximum repetition. At rest and recovery moments, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured and R-R intervals were recorded with subsequent calculation of heart rate variability indexes. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed in blood pressure responses between experimental sessions. The rate pressure product recovered to baseline at 25min of recovery in both sessions. The heart rate remained higher during moments of recovery in the dynamic session, while the isometric session recovered fewer heart beats for that same variable. In addition, the sympatho-vagal balance remained high and the parasympathetic indicators decreased in relation to rest after the isometric session. Conclusion: There were no differences in hemodynamic response between resistance exercise sessions. Otherwise, different recoveries between the autonomic variables after the experimental sessions were demonstrated

Exercício físico e comprimento dos telômeros: uma revisão sistemática nas disfunções crônico-degenerativas / Physical exercise and telomere length: a systematic review in chronic-degenerative dysfunctions

Introdução: Os telômeros estão localizados nas extremidades dos cromossomos e constituem-se de sequências do DNA e proteínas associadas. O exercício físico parece ter relação com um maior comprimento de telômeros, porém, pouco se sabe sobre o impacto deste na dinâmica telomérica de pessoas com disfunções crônico-degenerativas. Objetivo: Revisar sistematicamente a literatura a respeito do efeito do exercício no comprimento dos telômeros em pessoas com disfunções crônico-degenerativas. Métodos: Foram realizadas buscas por dois investigadores independentes nas bases de dados Pubmed, Scopus, Lilacs e Cochrane Controlled Trials Database, analisando publicações nos idiomas inglês e português. Resultados: Foram encontrados 845 estudos, onde destes, quatro atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade e seguiram para síntese. Conclusão: Embora o encurtamento dos telômeros esteja relacionado ao estilo de vida, herança genética e doenças do envelhecimento, ainda não está claro se o exercício físico pode atenuar tal processo de encurtamento de forma significativa em indivíduos com disfunções crônico-degenerativas, como excesso de peso e diabetes.

Introduction: Telomeres are located at the ends of chromosomes and consist of DNA sequences and associated proteins. Physical exercise seems to be related to a greater telomeres length, but little is known about its impact on the telomere dynamics of people with chronic degenerative dysfunctions. Purpose: Systematically review the literature on the effect of exercise on the telomeres length in people with chronic degenerative disorders. Methods: Searches were carried out by two independent researchers in the databases Pubmed, Scopus, Lilacs e Cochrane Controlled Trials Database, analyzing publications in the English and Portuguese language. Results: A total of 845 studies were found, of which four met the eligibility criteria and followed up for synthesis. Conclusion: Although shortening of telomeres is related to lifestyle, genetic inheritance, and diseases of aging, still unclear physical exercise can attenuate such a shortening process significantly in individuals with chronic-degenerative dysfunctions such as overweight and diabetes.

Effects of isometric resistance training on blood pressure and physical fitness of men

Abstract AIMS The present study aimed to investigate the effects of whole body isometric resistance training (IRT) on blood pressure (BP), strength and aerobic fitness. We also analyzed whether the effects of whole body isometric training compares to whole body dynamic resistance training (DRT). METHODS Twenty-nine pre-hypertensive sedentary males, aged between 40 and 60 years were divided into three groups: IRT (n = 10), DRT (n = 9), and Control (n = 10). Both programs involved whole body resistance training, and occurred for 12 weeks, three times/week, at an intensity of 60% of a dynamic one repetition maximum test (1RM). Before and after 12 weeks, 24 hours blood pressure monitoring, 1RM strength and aerobic fitness were assessed. RESULTS IRT reduced diastolic BP values during a 24-hour period and daytime. There was also a decrease in mean BP values during daytime (P<0.05). No interaction between time and group in systolic BP, diastolic BP, mean BP, heart rate and arterial stiffness index were observed (P>0.05). IRT increased strength and aerobic fitness when compared to Control group. However, these changes were lower than DRT regarding strength (DRT: ∆ = 43.1±10.6% vs. IRT: ∆ = 24.1±7.1% vs. CON: Δ = 4.2±11.5%; P<0.05) and aerobic fitness (DRT: ∆ = 22.9±10.7% vs. IRT: ∆ = 12.9±6.1% vs. CON: Δ = -2.1±7.4%; P<0.01). CONCLUSION Whole body IRT reduced diastolic BP and mean BP, however, the decrease was not different for the DRT group. IRT also increased strength and aerobic fitness, nevertheless, these changes were lower than after DRT.

Estilo de vida influencia variáveis antropométricas e pressão arterial em adultos jovens / Lifest yle affects anthropometric variables and arterial blood pressure in young adults

A composição corporal e a pressão arterial (PA) podem sofrer influências de padrões do estilo de vida (EV). Desse modo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a influência do EV em variáveis antropométricas e PA em adultos jovens frequentadores de parque de lazer. Cento e quatro indivíduos de ambos os sexos (31±8 anos) responderam o Questionário "Estilo de Vida Fantástico" e foram submetidos a mensurações de PA, circunferência da cintura (CC), massa corporal e estatura para cálculo do índice de massa corporal (IMC). A amostra foi dividida por sexo e estratificada em "Baixo EV" (BEV; 0-69 pontos) e "Alto EV" (AEV; 70-100 pontos). Diferenças foram encontradas quando comparados os estratos BEV vs. AEV para massa corporal (Geral: 74±16 vs. 67±13 kg; Masc: 84±17 vs. 74±13 kg; Fem: 66±10 vs. 61±8 kg; p <0 ,05); IMC (Geral: 27±4 vs. 24±3 kg.m2(-1); Masc: 27±4 vs. 25±4 kg.m2(-1); Fem: 26±4 vs. 24±3 kg.m2(-1); p < 0,05); CC (Geral: 84±1 vs. 79±10 cm; Masc: 91±14 vs. 83±11 cm; p < 0,05); e PA diastólica (Geral: 79±8 vs.73±13 mmHg; Masc: 79±8 vs.71±15 mmHg; Fem: 80±8 vs. 73±12 mmHg; p < 0.05). Foi possível concluir que frequentadores de parque de lazer com BEV apresentam variáveis antropométricas e PA diastólica aumentadas em relação aos que apresentam AEV.

Body composition and arterial blood pressure (AP) are affected by lifestyle (LS). Current research investigates the influence of LS on the anthropometric variables and AP in young adults who frequent a recreation park. One hundred and four subjects of both genders, 31±8 years old, answered the questionnaire "Fantastic Lifestyle" and their blood pressure (AP), waist circumference (HC), body mass and height for Body Mass Index (BMI) were taken. The sample was divided by gender and stratified in "Low LS" (LLS; 0-69 scores) and "High LS" (HLS; 70-100 scores). Differences occurred when LLS vs HLS were compared for body mass (General: 74±16 vs. 67±13 kg; Male: 84±17 vs. 74±13 kg; Female: 66±10 vs. 61±8 kg; p <0.05); BMI (General: 27±4 vs. 24±3 kg.m2(-1); Male: 27±4 vs. 25±4 kg.m2(-1); Female: 26±4 vs. 24±3 kg.m2(-1); p < 0.05); CC (General: 84±1 vs. 79±10 cm; Male: 91±14 vs. 83±11 cm; p < 0.05); diastolic AP (General: 79±8 vs.73±13 mmHg; Male: 79±8 vs.71±15 mmHg; Female: 80±8 vs. 73±12 mmHg; p < 0.05). Results show that people from the recreation park with LLS had altered anthropometric variables and diastolic AP when compared with those of HLS.